菜单驱动程序简介

菜单驱动程序是一个通过显示选项列表(称为菜单)从用户那里获得输入的程序，用户可以从中选择他们的选项。处理菜单驱动程序的系统很普通，从由微处理器控制的洗衣机开始，到自动取款机(自动取款机)。以自动取款机为例，用户按单键指示交易类型(如果用户想要现金收据，或者需要对账单)。许多情况下，用户只需按一个键就可以指示要提取的现金数量。

菜单驱动系统在两个方面是有益的:首先，通过单次击键进行输入，这减少了系统太容易出现用户错误的机会。其次，菜单驱动系统限制了字符范围，导致输入的方式变得明确。因此，这两个特性使得整个系统非常用户友好。

在接下来的教程中，我们会发现一些用 Python 编写的菜单驱动程序。这些程序将让我们了解菜单驱动程序的不同方面，以及 Python 编程语言的不同库和模块。

那么，让我们开始吧。

使用函数计算不同形状的参数和面积

程序:

# defining functions
def p_circle(radius):
    para = 2 * 3.14 * radius
    print("Parameter of Circle:", para)

def p_rectangle(height, width):
    para = 2 * (height + width)
    print("Parameter of Rectangle:", para)

def p_square(side):
    para = 4 * side
    print("Parameter of Square:", para)

def a_circle(radius):
    area = 3.14 * radius * radius
    print("Area of Circle:", area)

def a_rectangle(height, width):
    area = height * width
    print("Area of Rectangle:", area)

def a_square(side):
    area = side * side
    print("Area of Square:", area)

# printing the starting line
print("WELCOME TO A SIMPLE MENSURATION PROGRAM")

# creating options
while True:
    print("\nMAIN MENU")
    print("1\. Calculate Parameter")
    print("2\. Calculate Area")
    print("3\. Exit")
    choice1 = int(input("Enter the Choice:"))

    if choice1 == 1:
        print("\nCALCULATE PARAMETER")
        print("1\. Circle")
        print("2\. Rectangle")
        print("3\. Square")
        print("4\. Exit")
        choice2 = int(input("Enter the Choice:"))

        if choice2 == 1:
            radius = int(input("Enter Radius of Circle:"))
            p_circle(radius)

        elif choice2 == 2:
            height = int(input("Enter Height of Rectangle:"))
            width = int(input("Enter Width of Rectangle:"))
            p_rectangle(height, width)

        elif choice2 == 3:
            side = int(input("Enter Side of Square:"))
            p_square(side)

        elif choice2 == 4:
            break

        else:
            print("Oops! Incorrect Choice.")

    elif choice1 == 2:
        print("\nCALCULATE AREA")
        print("1\. Circle")
        print("2\. Rectangle")
        print("3\. Square")
        print("4\. Exit")
        choice3 = int(input("Enter the Choice:"))

        if choice3 == 1:
            radius = int(input("Enter Radius of Circle:"))
            a_circle(radius)

        elif choice3 == 2:
            height = int(input("Enter Height of Rectangle:"))
            width = int(input("Enter Width of Rectangle:"))
            a_rectangle(height, width)

        elif choice3 == 3:
            side = int(input("Enter Side of Square:"))
            a_square(side)

        elif choice3 == 4:
            break

        else:
            print("Oops! Incorrect Choice.")

    elif choice1 == 3:
        break

    else:
        print("Oops! Incorrect Choice.")

输出:

WELCOME TO A SIMPLE MENSURATION PROGRAM

MAIN MENU
1\. Calculate Parameter
2\. Calculate Area
3\. Exit
Enter the Choice:1

CALCULATE PARAMETER
1\. Circle
2\. Rectangle
3\. Square
4\. Exit
Enter the Choice:2
Enter Height of Rectangle:4
Enter Width of Rectangle:5
Parameter of Rectangle: 18

MAIN MENU
1\. Calculate Parameter
2\. Calculate Area
3\. Exit
Enter the Choice:2

CALCULATE AREA
1\. Circle
2\. Rectangle
3\. Square
4\. Exit
Enter the Choice:1
Enter Radius of Circle:2
Area of Circle: 12.56

MAIN MENU
1\. Calculate Parameter
2\. Calculate Area
3\. Exit
Enter the Choice:5
Oops! Incorrect Choice.

MAIN MENU
1\. Calculate Parameter
2\. Calculate Area
3\. Exit
Enter the Choice:3

说明:

在上面的例子中，我们定义了不同的函数来打印计算后的估计值。这些函数分别包括圆、矩形和正方形的参数和面积。然后我们打印了程序的标题:欢迎来到一个简单的测量程序。下面，我们使用无限的和循环来打印包含不同选项的主菜单。然后程序使用 if-elif-else 语句要求用户输入选择选项的整数。如果插入的整数不在选项列表中，程序还会引发 异常 。然后我们创建了两个不同的子菜单，将参数选项和区域选项分开。然后，我们在这些描述不同形状的子菜单中增加了一些选项。这些选项还采用不同的整数值，表示圆的半径、矩形的高度和宽度以及正方形的边。结果，成功地创建了菜单驱动程序，并且能够计算不同形状的参数和面积。

菜单驱动程序创建一个简单的计算器

在下面的菜单驱动程序中，我们将在 Python 中构建一个 简单计算器 。我们将使用无限而循环，功能同上。我们将设计一个菜单，允许用户与计算器功能交互，如加法、减法、乘法和除法。

让我们考虑以下程序的语法:

程序:

# defining addition function
def add(a, b):
    sum = a + b
    print(a, "+", b, "=", sum)

# defining subtraction function
def subtract(a, b):
    difference = a - b
    print(a, "-", b, "=", difference)

# defining multiplication function
def multiply(a, b):
    product = a * b
    print(a, "x", b, "=", product)

# defining division function
def divide(a, b):
    division = a / b
    print(a, "/", b, "=", division)

# printing the heading
print("WELCOME TO A SIMPLE CALCULATOR")

# using the while loop to print menu list
while True:
    print("\nMENU")
    print("1\. Sum of two Numbers")
    print("2\. Difference between two Numbers")
    print("3\. Product of two Numbers")
    print("4\. Division of two Numbers")
    print("5\. Exit")
    choice = int(input("\nEnter the Choice: "))

# using if-elif-else statement to pick different options
    if choice == 1:
        print( "\nADDITION\n")
        a = int( input("First Number: "))
        b = int( input("Second Number: "))
        add(a, b)

    elif choice == 2:
        print( "\nSUBTRACTION\n")
        a = int( input("First Number: "))
        b = int( input("Second Number: "))
        subtract(a, b)

    elif choice == 3:
        print( "\nMULTIPLICATION\n")
        a = int( input("First Number: "))
        b = int( input("Second Number: "))
        multiply(a, b)

    elif choice == 4:
        print( "\nDIVISION\n")
        a = int( input("First Number: "))
        b = int( input("Second Number: "))
        divide(a, b)

    elif choice == 5:
        break

    else:
        print( "Please Provide a valid Input!")

输出:

WELCOME TO A SIMPLE CALCULATOR

MENU
1\. Sum of two Numbers
2\. Difference between two Numbers
3\. Product of two Numbers
4\. Division of two Numbers
5\. Exit

Enter the Choice: 1

ADDITION

First Number: 3
Second Number: 4
3 + 4 = 7

MENU
1\. Sum of two Numbers
2\. Difference between two Numbers
3\. Product of two Numbers
4\. Division of two Numbers
5\. Exit

Enter the Choice: 2

SUBTRACTION

First Number: 6
Second Number: 3
6 - 3 = 3

MENU
1\. Sum of two Numbers
2\. Difference between two Numbers
3\. Product of two Numbers
4\. Division of two Numbers
5\. Exit

Enter the Choice: 3

MULTIPLICATION

First Number: 8
Second Number: 2
8 x 2 = 16

MENU
1\. Sum of two Numbers
2\. Difference between two Numbers
3\. Product of two Numbers
4\. Division of two Numbers
5\. Exit

Enter the Choice: 4

DIVISION

First Number: 10
Second Number: 4
10 / 4 = 2.5

MENU
1\. Sum of two Numbers
2\. Difference between two Numbers
3\. Product of two Numbers
4\. Division of two Numbers
5\. Exit

Enter the Choice: 5

说明:

在上面的程序中，我们使用了与上一个程序几乎相似的程序。我们定义了加、减、乘、除等各种函数。然后，我们使用 while 循环向用户打印菜单列表，并使用 if-elif-else 语句返回用户需要的答案。结果，一个简单的计算器被成功创建，并执行一些基本的计算，如加法，减法，乘法和除法。

创建电话目录的菜单驱动程序

在下面的菜单驱动程序中，我们将使用不同的功能创建电话簿目录。我们将向电话簿目录添加以下功能:

1. 存储人员的联系号码
2. 使用人名搜索联系号码

让我们在下面的程序中实现这个想法:

程序:

# printing the heading of the program
print( "WELCOME TO THE PHONEBOOK DIRECTORY")

# creating a .txt file to store contact details
filename = "myphonebook.txt"
myfile = open(filename, "a+")
myfile.close

# defining main menu
def main_menu():
    print( "\nMAIN MENU\n")
    print( "1\. Show all existing Contacts")
    print( "2\. Add a new Contact")
    print( "3\. Search the existing Contact")
    print( "4\. Exit")
    choice = input("Enter your choice: ")
    if choice == "1":
        myfile = open(filename, "r+")
        filecontents = myfile.read()
        if len(filecontents) == 0:
            print( "There is no contact in the phonebook.")
        else:
            print(filecontents)
        myfile.close
        enter = input("Press Enter to continue ...")
        main_menu()
    elif choice == "2":
        newcontact()
        enter = input("Press Enter to continue ...")
        main_menu()
    elif choice == "3":
        searchcontact()
        enter = input("Press Enter to continue ...")
        main_menu()
    elif choice == "4":
        print("Thank you for using Phonebook!")
    else:
        print( "Please provide a valid input!\n")
        enter = input( "Press Enter to continue ...")
        main_menu()

# defining search function        
def searchcontact():
    searchname = input( "Enter First name for Searching contact record: ")
    remname = searchname[1:]
    firstchar = searchname[0]
    searchname = firstchar.upper() + remname
    myfile = open(filename, "r+")
    filecontents = myfile.readlines()

    found = False
    for line in filecontents:
        if searchname in line:
            print( "Your Required Contact Record is:", end = " ")
            print( line)
            found = True
            break
    if found == False:
        print( "The Searched Contact is not available in the Phone Book", searchname)

# first name
def input_firstname():
    first = input( "Enter your First Name: ")
    remfname = first[1:]
    firstchar = first[0]
    return firstchar.upper() + remfname

# last name
def input_lastname():
    last = input( "Enter your Last Name: ")
    remlname = last[1:]
    firstchar = last[0]
    return firstchar.upper() + remlname

# storing the new contact details
def newcontact():
    firstname = input_firstname()
    lastname = input_lastname()
    phoneNum = input( "Enter your Phone number: ")
    emailID = input( "Enter your E-mail Address: ")
    contactDetails = ("[" + firstname + " " + lastname + ", " + phoneNum + ", " + emailID +  "]\n")
    myfile = open(filename, "a")
    myfile.write(contactDetails)
    print( "The following Contact Details:\n " + contactDetails + "\nhas been stored successfully!")

main_menu()

输出:

WELCOME TO THE PHONEBOOK DIRECTORY

MAIN MENU

1\. Show all existing Contacts
2\. Add a new Contact
3\. Search the existing Contact
4\. Exit
Enter your choice: 1
There is no contact in the phonebook.
Press Enter to continue ...

MAIN MENU

1\. Show all existing Contacts
2\. Add a new Contact
3\. Search the existing Contact
4\. Exit
Enter your choice: 2
Enter your First Name: Mark
Enter your Last Name: Henry
Enter your Phone number: 1234567890
Enter your E-mail Address: [email protected]
The following Contact Details:
 [Mark Henry, 1234567890, [email protected]]

has been stored successfully!
Press Enter to continue ...

MAIN MENU

1\. Show all existing Contacts
2\. Add a new Contact
3\. Search the existing Contact
4\. Exit
Enter your choice: 3
Enter First name for Searching contact record: Mark
Your Required Contact Record is: [Mark Henry, 1234567890, [email protected]]

Press Enter to continue ...

MAIN MENU

1\. Show all existing Contacts
2\. Add a new Contact
3\. Search the existing Contact
4\. Exit
Enter your choice: 1
[Mark Henry, 1234567890, [email protected]]

Press Enter to continue ...

MAIN MENU

1\. Show all existing Contacts
2\. Add a new Contact
3\. Search the existing Contact
4\. Exit
Enter your choice: 4
Thank you for using Phonebook!

说明:

在上面的菜单驱动程序中，我们创建了一个电话簿目录，它可以在文本文件中存储新的联系人，显示存储的联系人，并允许用户搜索现有的号码。首先，我们创建了一个文本文件来存储联系方式。然后，我们定义了各种功能，以便添加、显示和搜索不同的联系人。我们还创建了不同的联系人详细信息字段，如名字、姓氏、手机号码和电子邮件地址。结果程序成功完成，同样的输出如上图所示。

结论

在上面的教程中，我们已经理解了菜单驱动编程的含义以及一些例子。我们创建了三个不同的程序，包括测量程序、一个简单的计算器和一个电话簿目录。除了这三个，还有许多其他程序可以创建。

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