pv ##物理卷 被处理的物理分区
pe ##物理扩展 设定存储最小单元
vg ##物理卷组 捆绑pv到一个组中
lv ##逻辑卷 分配最终的使用设备
监控建立过程
watch -n 1 "pvs;echo =====;vgs;echo====;lvs;echo =====;df -h /zzz"
lvm设备建立
建立物理分区并设定分区type为lvm
pvcreate /dev/vdb1 ##创建pv
vgcreate westosvg -s 2M /dev/vdb1 ##创建vg -s 设定pe大小位2M
lvcreate -L 100M -n westoslv westosvg ##创建lvm -L 指定大小 -n指定名称
mkfs.xfs /dev/mapper/westossvg-westoslv ##格式化
mount /dev/westosvg/westoslv /zzz ##挂载
Every 1.0s: pvs;echo ===;vg... westoslinux.westos.org: Mon Aug 2 17:21:24 2021PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree/dev/vdb1 vg0 lvm2 a-- 1022.00m 1000.00m/dev/vdb2 lvm2 --- 1.00g 1.00g
===VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFreevg0 1 1 0 wz--n- 1022.00m 1000.00m
====LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convertlv0 vg0 -wi-ao---- 22.00m
=====
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg0-lv0 17M 1.4M 16M 8% /zzz##以上都是监控[root@westoslinux ~]# fdisk /dev/vdb ##创建 Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.32.1).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/vdb: 5 GiB, 5368709120 bytes, 10485760 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xa5c2fbd9Command (m for help): n
Partition typep primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)e extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p): Using default response p.
Partition number (1-4, default 1):
First sector (2048-10485759, default 2048):
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-10485759, default 10485759): +1GCreated a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' and of size 1 GiB.Command (m for help): t
Selected partition 1
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e ##更改模式
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'.Command (m for help): n
Partition typep primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)e extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p): Using default response p.
Partition number (2-4, default 2):
First sector (2099200-10485759, default 2099200):
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (2099200-10485759, default 10485759): +1GCreated a new partition 2 of type 'Linux' and of size 1 GiB.
Partition #2 contains a LVM2_member signature.Do you want to remove the signature? [Y]es/[N]o: yThe signature will be removed by a write command.Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1,2, default 2): 2
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8eChanged type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'.Command (m for help): p ##查看
Disk /dev/vdb: 5 GiB, 5368709120 bytes, 10485760 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xa5c2fbd9Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/vdb1 2048 2099199 2097152 1G 8e Linux LVM
/dev/vdb2 2099200 4196351 2097152 1G 8e Linux LVMFilesystem/RAID signature on partition 2 will be wiped.Command (m for help): wq ##保存退出
The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.[root@westoslinux ~]# pvcreate /dev/vdb1 ##创建pvPhysical volume "/dev/vdb1" successfully created.
[root@westoslinux ~]# pvcreate /dev/vdb2Physical volume "/dev/vdb2" successfully created.
[root@westoslinux ~]# vgcreate vg0 /dev/vdb1 ##创建vgVolume group "vg0" successfully created
[root@westoslinux ~]# vgdisplay ##查看vg--- Volume group ---VG Name vg0System ID Format lvm2Metadata Areas 1Metadata Sequence No 1VG Access read/writeVG Status resizableMAX LV 0Cur LV 0Open LV 0Max PV 0Cur PV 1Act PV 1VG Size 1020.00 MiBPE Size 4.00 MiBTotal PE 255Alloc PE / Size 0 / 0 Free PE / Size 255 / 1020.00 MiBVG UUID xXqN43-Igc1-BcIV-X9FL-Necs-fv2Q-NscIwK[root@westoslinux ~]# vgcreate -s 2M vg0 /dev/vdb1 ## 指定位置大小位2MVolume group "vg0" successfully created
[root@westoslinux ~]# vgdisplay --- Volume group ---VG Name vg0System ID Format lvm2Metadata Areas 1Metadata Sequence No 1VG Access read/writeVG Status resizableMAX LV 0Cur LV 0Open LV 0Max PV 0Cur PV 1Act PV 1VG Size 1022.00 MiBPE Size 2.00 MiBTotal PE 511Alloc PE / Size 0 / 0 Free PE / Size 511 / 1022.00 MiBVG UUID 9Ds8dJ-nrLG-HXur-VWGt-Xm1Y-ef5j-6hM0m8[root@westoslinux ~]# lvcreate -L 22M -n lv0 vg0 ##创建 lv -L指定大小 -n指定名称
WARNING: xfs signature detected on /dev/vg0/lv0 at offset 0. Wipe it? [y/n]: yWiping xfs signature on /dev/vg0/lv0.
WARNING: xfs_external_log signature detected on /dev/vg0/lv0 at offset 24576. Wipe it? [y/n]: yWiping xfs_external_log signature on /dev/vg0/lv0.
WARNING: xfs_external_log signature detected on /dev/vg0/lv0 at offset 25600. Wipe it? [y/n]: yWiping xfs_external_log signature on /dev/vg0/lv0.
WARNING: xfs_external_log signature detected on /dev/vg0/lv0 at offset 26624. Wipe it? [y/n]: yWiping xfs_external_log signature on /dev/vg0/lv0.Logical volume "lv0" created.[root@westoslinux ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/vg0/lv0 ##以mkfs.xfs 进行vg0 lv0 格式化meta-data=/dev/vg0/lv0 isize=512 agcount=1, agsize=5632 blks= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1= crc=1 finobt=1, sparse=1, rmapbt=0= reflink=1
data = bsize=4096 blocks=5632, imaxpct=25= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0, ftype=1
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=1368, version=2= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0[root@westoslinux ~]# df ##查看挂载
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 403524 0 403524 0% /dev
tmpfs 419124 0 419124 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 419124 6696 412428 2% /run
tmpfs 419124 0 419124 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/vda3 17814528 3326640 14487888 19% /
/dev/vda1 1038336 173172 865164 17% /boot
tmpfs 83824 1184 82640 2% /run/user/42
tmpfs 83824 40 83784 1% /run/user/0
[root@westoslinux ~]# mkdir /zzz/
[root@westoslinux ~]# mount /dev/vg0/lv0 /zzz/ ##挂载到/zzz/目录
[root@westoslinux ~]# df
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 403524 0 403524 0% /dev
tmpfs 419124 0 419124 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 419124 6684 412440 2% /run
tmpfs 419124 0 419124 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/vda3 17814528 3325056 14489472 19% /
/dev/vda1 1038336 173172 865164 17% /boot
tmpfs 83824 1184 82640 2% /run/user/42
tmpfs 83824 40 83784 1% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/vg0-lv0 17056 1336 15720 8% /zzz
lvm拉伸
1.当vg中的容量充足
lvextend -L 200M /dev/mapper/westosvg-westoslv ##拉伸设备
xfs_growfs /zzz ##拉伸文件系统，在rhel7中可以用设备或挂载点
Every 1.0s: pvs;echo ===;vg... westoslinux.westos.org: Mon Aug 2 17:41:32 2021PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree/dev/vdb1 vg0 lvm2 a-- 1022.00m 0/dev/vdb2 vg0 lvm2 a-- 1022.00m 544.00m
===VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFreevg0 2 1 0 wz--n- <2.00g 544.00m
====LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convertlv0 vg0 -wi-ao---- 1.46g
=====
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg0-lv0 1.5G 16M 1.5G 2% /zzz
[root@westoslinux ~]# vgextend vg0 /dev/vdb2 ##拉伸vg 物理组Volume group "vg0" successfully extended
[root@westoslinux ~]# lvextend -L 1500 /dev/vg0/lv0 ##拉伸设备逻辑卷Size of logical volume vg0/lv0 changed from 22.00 MiB (11 extents) to 1.46 GiB (750 extents).Logical volume vg0/lv0 successfully resized.
[root@westoslinux ~]# lvextend -L 1500M /dev/vg0/lv0 New size (750 extents) matches existing size (750 extents).[root@westoslinux ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/vg0/lv0 ##拉伸文件系统
meta-data=/dev/mapper/vg0-lv0 isize=512 agcount=1, agsize=5632 blks= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1= crc=1 finobt=1, sparse=1, rmapbt=0= reflink=1
data = bsize=4096 blocks=5632, imaxpct=25= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0, ftype=1
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=1368, version=2= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 5632 to 384000
缩减步骤:
[root@westoslinux ~]# umount /zzz ##卸载
[root@westoslinux ~]# resize2fs -f /dev/vg0/lv0 500M
resize2fs 1.45.4 (23-Sep-2019)
Resizing the filesystem on /dev/vg0/lv0 to 128000 (4k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/vg0/lv0 is now 128000 (4k) blocks long.[root@westoslinux ~]# lvreduce -L 500M /dev/vg0/lv0 WARNING: Reducing active logical volume to 500.00 MiB.THIS MAY DESTROY YOUR DATA (filesystem etc.)
Do you really want to reduce vg0/lv0? [y/n]: ySize of logical volume vg0/lv0 changed from 1.95 GiB (1000 extents) to 500.00 MiB (250 extents).Logical volume vg0/lv0 successfully resized.
[root@westoslinux ~]# mount /dev/vg0/lv0 /zzz
[root@westoslinux ~]# vgextend vg0 /dev/vdb2Volume group "vg0" successfully extended
[root@westoslinux ~]# pvmove /dev/vdb1 /dev/vdb2 ##转换/dev/vdb1: Moved: 2.80%/dev/vdb1: Moved: 100.00%
[root@westoslinux ~]# vgreduce vg0 /dev/vdb1Removed "/dev/vdb1" from volume group "vg0"
[root@westoslinux ~]# pvremove /dev/vdb1Labels on physical volume "/dev/vdb1" successfully wiped.
lvm删除:
[root@westoslinux ~]# umount /zzz ##卸载掉进行删除
[root@westoslinux ~]# lvremove /dev/vg0/lv0
Do you really want to remove active logical volume vg0/lv0? [y/n]: yLogical volume "lv0" successfully removed
[root@westoslinux ~]# vgremove vg0Volume group "vg0" successfully removed
[root@westoslinux ~]# pvremove /dev/vdb2Labels on physical volume "/dev/vdb2" successfully wiped.
#vdo建立#
把之前的删除全部删除进行vdo实验
nf install vdo -y
vdo create --name=westos_vdo1 --device=/dev/sdb
vdo status --name=westos_vdo1 | less
Deduplication: enabled ##vdo检测并删除重复数据的功能时开启的
Compression: enabled ##vdo数据压缩功能开启
#使用vdo设备#
mkfs.xfs -K /dev/mapper/westos_vdo1
mkdir /zzz
mount /dev/mapper/westos_vdo1 /zzz
#测试vdo性能#
watch -n 1 vdostats --human-readable 开启监控
Every 1.0s: vdostats --huma... westoslinux.westos.org: Mon Aug 2 23:04:45 2021Device Size Used Available Use% Space saving%
/dev/mapper/westos_vdo1 5.0G 3.0G 2.0G 60% 98%[westos@westos_student70 Desktop]$ df
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 3929044 0 3929044 0% /dev
tmpfs 3957384 52356 3905028 2% /dev/shm
tmpfs 3957384 43120 3914264 2% /run
tmpfs 3957384 0 3957384 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/nvme0n1p8 93095516 32804524 60290992 36% /
/dev/nvme0n1p6 1038336 226948 811388 22% /boot
/dev/nvme0n1p1 262144 35944 226200 14% /boot/efi
tmpfs 791476 20 791456 1% /run/user/42
tmpfs 791476 92 791384 1% /run/user/1000
/dev/sda1 30703568 368016 30335552 2% /run/media/westos/E83D-C1A6
/dev/loop0 8238560 8238560 0 100% /var/www/html/westos ##找一个500m左右的大小文件[root@westos_student70 ~]# cd /var/www/html/westos[root@westos_student70 westos]# ls
AppStream EULA images RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-beta
BaseOS extra_files.json isolinux RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release
EFI GPL media.repo TRANS.TBL
[root@westos_student70 westos]# cd images
[root@westos_student70 images]# ls
efiboot.img install.img pxeboot TRANS.TBL
[root@westos_student70 images]# du -sh install.img
532M install.img[root@westoslinux ~]# cd /zzz
[root@westoslinux zzz]# df
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 919800 0 919800 0% /dev
tmpfs 935404 0 935404 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 935404 9636 925768 2% /run
tmpfs 935404 0 935404 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/vda3 17814528 3334920 14479608 19% /
/dev/vda1 1038336 173172 865164 17% /boot
tmpfs 187080 1180 185900 1% /run/user/42
tmpfs 187080 24 187056 1% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/westos_vdo1 2082192 47612 2034580 3% /zzz
[root@westoslinux zzz]# wget http://172.25.254.70/westos/images/install.img
--2021-08-02 23:11:56-- http://172.25.254.70/westos/images/install.img
Connecting to 172.25.254.70:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 557301760 (531M) [application/octet-stream]
Saving to: ‘install.img’install.img 100%[===================>] 531.48M 182MB/s in 2.9s 2021-08-02 23:11:59 (182 MB/s) - ‘install.img’ saved [557301760/557301760]##查看监控
Every 1.0s: vdostats --huma... westoslinux.westos.org: Mon Aug 2 23:12:32 2021Device Size Used Available Use% Space saving%
/dev/mapper/westos_vdo1 5.0G 3.5G 1.5G 70% 1%##大小变化vim /etc/fstab ##永久挂载
/dev/mapper/vdodevice /westos xfs defaults,x-systemd.requires=vdo.service 0 0
#vdo设备的删除#
vdo remove --name=westos_vdo1
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