1. window系统 c++ 环境配置
1.1 配置MinGw编译器
(1)下载mingw64
mingw64 的按照包,我已经放在百度网盘上了,搭建可自行下载:
(2)配置环境变量
将下载好的mingw64.zip
解压,找到解压后bin
文件所在路径
然后将bin所在路径,如我这里的D:\install\mingw64\bin
添加到系统环境变量中。
(3)验证是否安装成功
命令提示符中cmd窗口输入gcc -v
或gcc --version
,若显示版本号则说明安装成功
1.2 配置C/C++环境
C++环境是通过c_pp_propertoes.json
,launch.json
和tasks.json
三个文件配置的。
方法1 利用工具自动配置
本文介绍一种非常简单的环境配置方法,借助网上提供的vscode c++配置器
来实现。
-
在https://v4.vscch.tk/ 下载安装包
-
解压安装包,并点击
vscch.exe
进行一步步按照;安装非常简单,按照默认安装方式即可。
该工具可以自动识别MinGW编译器的安装位置,如果没有添加到环境变量中,它会自动帮忙配置到环境变量。
-
如果未下载MinGW,它会提示你下载,然后帮忙自动配置环境变量。
-
完成安装后,会自动在你选择的工作路径下,生成配置好的
c_pp_propertoes.json
,launch.json
和tasks.json
, 以及helloworld.cpp
测试代码。可以运行,测试c++环境是否配置成功:
注意:
根据自动生成的json配置
,只能在安装时指定的工作目录下
,编写c++ code才有效,因此做了如下修改
,这样将3个json拷贝到其他目录,也可以运行和调试c++程序。 将single file build
改为build
launch.json
的修改如下:
tasks.json
的修改如下:
方法2 直接创建3个json文件
在项目目录上创建.vscode
目录,并创建c_cpp_properties.json
,launch.json
,tasks.json
,三个json文件的按照我提供的配置。
(1) c_cpp_properties.json
{"configurations": [{"compilerPath": "D:\\install\\mingw64\\bin\\g++.exe","cppStandard": "c++17","includePath": ["${{workspaceFolder}}/**"],"intelliSenseMode": "windows-gcc-x64","name": "Win32"}],"version": 4
}
(2) launch.json
{"configurations": [{"MIMode": "gdb","args": [],"cwd": "${fileDirname}","env": {"PATH": "D:\\install\\mingw64\\bin;${env:PATH}"},"environment": [],"externalConsole": true,"internalConsosleOptions": "neverOpen","miDebuggerPath": "D:\\install\\mingw64\\bin\\gdb.exe","name": "build","preLaunchTask": "build","program": "${fileDirname}\\${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe","request": "launch","stopAtEntry": false,"type": "cppdbg"}],"version": "0.2.0"
}
(3) tasks.json
{"options": {"env": {"Path": "D:\\install\\mingw64\\bin;${env:Path}"}},"tasks": [{"args": ["-g","${file}","-o","${fileDirname}\\${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe","-std=c++17"],"command": "D:\\install\\mingw64\\bin\\g++.exe","group": {"isDefault": true,"kind": "build"},"label": "build","presentation": {"clear": true,"echo": false,"focus": false,"panel": "shared","reveal": "silent","showReuseMessage": false},"problemMatcher": "$gcc","type": "process"},{"args": [],"command": "${fileDirname}\\${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe","dependsOn": "single file build","label": "run and pause","options": {"env": {"Path": "D:\\install\\mingw64\\bin;${env:Path}"}},"presentation": {"clear": true,"echo": false,"focus": false,"panel": "shared","reveal": "never","showReuseMessage": false},"problemMatcher": [],"type": "pause-console"}],"version": "2.0.0"
}
注意: 将这3个json
文件中的D:\\install\\mingw64
路径设置为你本机自己的路径
1.3 C/C++环境测试
编写一个测试的helloworld.cpp
,代码如下:
// 按下 F6 编译运行。
// 按下 F5 编译调试。
// 按下 Ctrl + Shift + B 编译。#include <iostream>int main() {// 在标准输出中打印 "Hello, world!"std::cout << "Hello, world!" << std::endl;
}// 此文件编译运行将输出 "Hello, world!"。
// 按下 F6 后,你将在弹出的终端窗口中看到这一行字。
配置和代码见我已上传百度网盘:
链接:https://pan.baidu.com/s/13R79Wxn91Z4G7RCcXpr8fQ?pwd=xe2x
提取码:xe2x
参考: https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/545908287?utm_id=0
2. linux系统 c++ 环境配置
2.1 配置详解
linux系统vsocde的配置和window系统配置基本上是一样的,通过c_pp_propertoes.json
,launch.json
和tasks.json
,settings.json
4个文件配置的c++环境
。
(1) settings.json
{"files.associations": {"*.cpp": "cpp","*.cu": "cuda-cpp","deque": "cpp","string": "cpp","vector": "cpp","*.tcc": "cpp","__hash_table": "cpp","__split_buffer": "cpp","__tree": "cpp","array": "cpp","bitset": "cpp","initializer_list": "cpp","iterator": "cpp","map": "cpp","queue": "cpp","random": "cpp","set": "cpp","stack": "cpp","string_view": "cpp","unordered_map": "cpp","utility": "cpp","__atomic": "cpp","__functional_base": "cpp","__functional_base_03": "cpp","__tuple": "cpp","algorithm": "cpp","chrono": "cpp","type_traits": "cpp","filesystem": "cpp","functional": "cpp","limits": "cpp","memory": "cpp","ratio": "cpp","tuple": "cpp","istream": "cpp","ostream": "cpp","future": "cpp","cctype": "cpp","clocale": "cpp","cmath": "cpp","cstdarg": "cpp","cstddef": "cpp","cstdio": "cpp","cstdlib": "cpp","cstring": "cpp","ctime": "cpp","cwchar": "cpp","cwctype": "cpp","atomic": "cpp","hash_map": "cpp","hash_set": "cpp","bit": "cpp","codecvt": "cpp","complex": "cpp","condition_variable": "cpp","cstdint": "cpp","list": "cpp","unordered_set": "cpp","exception": "cpp","memory_resource": "cpp","numeric": "cpp","optional": "cpp","system_error": "cpp","fstream": "cpp","iomanip": "cpp","iosfwd": "cpp","iostream": "cpp","mutex": "cpp","new": "cpp","sstream": "cpp","stdexcept": "cpp","streambuf": "cpp","thread": "cpp","cfenv": "cpp","cinttypes": "cpp","typeindex": "cpp","typeinfo": "cpp","ios": "cpp","__nullptr": "cpp","__bit_reference": "cpp","__node_handle": "cpp","__locale": "cpp","variant": "cpp"}
}
settings.json
可以上面提供的配置,不需要修改。
(2) c_cpp_propertoes.json
c_cpp_propertoes.json:
配置c++ 编译时的选项,包括编译器的路径、C/C++标注, 指定头文件的搜索路径(如opencv等)
{"configurations": [{"name": "Linux","includePath": ["${workspaceFolder}/**","/home/yuanwushui/anaconda3/lib/python3.9/site-packages/trtpy/trt8cuda112cudnn8/include/**","/home/yuanwushui/anaconda3/lib/python3.9/site-packages/trtpy/cpp-packages/opencv4.2/include/**"],"compilerPath": "/usr/bin/gcc","cStandard": "gnu11","cppStandard": "gnu++11","intelliSenseMode": "linux-gcc-x64"}],"version": 4
}
配置includePath
"includePath": ["${workspaceFolder}/**","/home/yuanwushui/anaconda3/lib/python3.9/site-packages/trtpy/trt8cuda112cudnn8/include/**","/home/yuanwushui/anaconda3/lib/python3.9/site-packages/trtpy/cpp-packages/opencv4.2/include/**"],
includePath
: 设置头文件的搜索路径,让编译器可以找打相应的头文件。
- 第一项:
"${workspaceFolder}/**"
添加项目的工作路径作为头文件的搜索路径,此项默认添加 - 第二项: 配置TensorRT部署时,需要依赖的
头文件
,包括tensorrt自身的、cuda、cudnn、protobuf下的头文件。(项目中如果不依赖TensorRT
、cuda
则不需要配置)
ls /home/yuanwushui/anaconda3/lib/python3.9/site-packages/trtpy/trt8cuda112cudnn8/include/
可以看到依赖的一些头文件:
cd 到其中一个比如cuda,可以详细看到cuda包含的.h文件
- 第三项:配置了依赖的opencv 头文件。(项目中如果不依赖与opencv,则不需要配置)
配置gcc编译器路径
"compilerPath": "/usr/bin/gcc" # 设置gcc编译器即可,不需要设置g++
通过ls /usr/bin
,可以看到gcc, g++
等编译器都在该目录下
指定C/C++语言标注版本
"cStandard": "gnu11",
"cppStandard": "gnu++11",
智能感知方式
"intelliSenseMode": "linux-gcc-x64"
(3) tasks.json
tasks.json:指定 编译时需要执行cmake命令
, 并且在每次launch(debug)
时,都会先运行运行tasks
(这里指的是都会编译一遍)。
因此tasks
下面label
名需要和launch.json
中的 "preLaunchTask"
参数设置的一样,比如都是build
。
{"version": "2.0.0","tasks": [{"label": "build","type": "shell","command": "make pro -j6"}]
}
command
: 执行cmake的命令,其中pro
为可执行文件名(makefile
中指定的生成可执行文件的名称
),-j6
表示6个进程同时执行,如果想编译快点,可以将数字设置的大一点。
(4) launch.json
{"version": "0.2.0","configurations": [{"name": "program-debug","type": "cppdbg","request": "launch","program": "${workspaceFolder}/workspace/pro","args": [],"stopAtEntry": false,"cwd": "${workspaceFolder}/workspace","externalConsole": false,"MIMode": "gdb","miDebuggerPath": "/usr/bin/gdb","environment": [{"name": "LD_LIBRARY_PATH", "value": "/home/yuanwushui/anaconda3/lib/python3.9/site-packages/trtpy/trt8cuda112cudnn8/lib64:/home/yuanwushui/anaconda3/lib:/home/yuanwushui/anaconda3/lib/python3.9/site-packages/trtpy/trt8cuda112cudnn8/py39:/home/yuanwushui/anaconda3/lib/python3.9/site-packages/trtpy/cpp-packages/opencv4.2/lib:/home/yuanwushui/anaconda3/lib/python3.9/site-packages/trtpy/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH"}],"setupCommands": [{"text": "-enable-pretty-printing","ignoreFailures": true}],"preLaunchTask": "build"}]
}
launch.json
设置c++ debug的选项。 "configurations"
下面的配置参数说明如下:
program
:指定编译好的可执行文件pro
的路径, 其中pro
是在makefile中指定输出可执行文件名。
"program": "${workspaceFolder}/workspace/pro",
cwd
: 为可执行文件所在目录"externalConsole"
: 运行时,是否需要运行在外部的控制台。如果设为True
的话,会再CMD控制台运行(windows),如果false,会运行在编译器所在控制台。默认设为false
即可miDebuggerPath
: 指定调试器(gdb)的路径environment
: 配置环境变量。环境变量名为LD_LIBRARY_PATH
,环境变量值通过value
来指定。LD_LIBRARY_PATH主要用来指定需要一开的外部库文件的搜索路径
。在vlaue
中指定库文件的搜索路径,以:
隔开。如项目需要依赖tensorrt
,cuda
,anaconda
,opencv
, 则需要添加这些依赖的库文件。注意value需要以:
不同库的搜索路径隔开,最后需要以:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
结尾。
"environment": [{"name": "LD_LIBRARY_PATH", "value": "/home/yuanwushui/anaconda3/lib/python3.9/site-packages/trtpy/trt8cuda112cudnn8/lib64:/home/yuanwushui/anaconda3/lib:/home/yuanwushui/anaconda3/lib/python3.9/site-packages/trtpy/trt8cuda112cudnn8/py39:/home/yuanwushui/anaconda3/lib/python3.9/site-packages/trtpy/cpp-packages/opencv4.2/lib:/home/yuanwushui/anaconda3/lib/python3.9/site-packages/trtpy/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH"}],
setupCommands
: 设置打印选项,如对print输出进行美化,保持默认即可,不需要修改
"setupCommands": [{"text": "-enable-pretty-printing","ignoreFailures": true}],
preLaunchTask
: Launch(debug)前需要依赖的task任务
,注意
需要与tasks.json
中任务的label
设置的名称一致,比如都为build,不然无法调试和编译
。通过设置该选项,在调试时不需要手动去编译可执行文件,系统通过preLaunchTask
自动帮忙编译。
"preLaunchTask": "build"
2.2 makefile详解
cc := g++
name := pro
workdir := workspace
srcdir := src
objdir := objs
stdcpp := c++11
cuda_home := /home/yuanwushui/anaconda3/lib/python3.9/site-packages/trtpy/trt8cuda112cudnn8
syslib := /home/yuanwushui/anaconda3/lib/python3.9/site-packages/trtpy/lib
cpp_pkg := /home/yuanwushui/anaconda3/lib/python3.9/site-packages/trtpy/cpp-packages #opencv4.2
cuda_arch :=
nvcc := $(cuda_home)/bin/nvcc -ccbin=$(cc)# 定义cpp的路径查找和依赖项mk文件
cpp_srcs := $(shell find $(srcdir) -name "*.cpp")
cpp_objs := $(cpp_srcs:.cpp=.cpp.o)
cpp_objs := $(cpp_objs:$(srcdir)/%=$(objdir)/%)
cpp_mk := $(cpp_objs:.cpp.o=.cpp.mk)# 定义cu文件的路径查找和依赖项mk文件
cu_srcs := $(shell find $(srcdir) -name "*.cu")
cu_objs := $(cu_srcs:.cu=.cu.o)
cu_objs := $(cu_objs:$(srcdir)/%=$(objdir)/%)
cu_mk := $(cu_objs:.cu.o=.cu.mk)# 定义opencv和cuda需要用到的库文件
link_cuda := cudart cudnn
link_trtpro :=
link_tensorRT := nvinfer nvinfer_plugin
link_opencv := opencv_core opencv_imgproc opencv_imgcodecs
link_sys := stdc++ dl protobuf
link_librarys := $(link_cuda) $(link_tensorRT) $(link_sys) $(link_opencv)# 定义头文件路径,请注意斜杠后边不能有空格
# 只需要写路径,不需要写-I
include_paths := src \$(cuda_home)/include/cuda \$(cuda_home)/include/tensorRT \$(cpp_pkg)/opencv4.2/include \$(cuda_home)/include/protobuf# 定义库文件路径,只需要写路径,不需要写-L
library_paths := $(cuda_home)/lib64 $(syslib) $(cpp_pkg)/opencv4.2/lib# 把library path给拼接为一个字符串,例如a b c => a:b:c
# 然后使得LD_LIBRARY_PATH=a:b:c
empty :=
library_path_export := $(subst $(empty) $(empty),:,$(library_paths))# 把库路径和头文件路径拼接起来成一个,批量自动加-I、-L、-l
run_paths := $(foreach item,$(library_paths),-Wl,-rpath=$(item))
include_paths := $(foreach item,$(include_paths),-I$(item))
library_paths := $(foreach item,$(library_paths),-L$(item))
link_librarys := $(foreach item,$(link_librarys),-l$(item))# 如果是其他显卡,请修改-gencode=arch=compute_75,code=sm_75为对应显卡的能力
# 显卡对应的号码参考这里:https://developer.nvidia.com/zh-cn/cuda-gpus#compute
# 如果是 jetson nano,提示找不到-m64指令,请删掉 -m64选项。不影响结果
cpp_compile_flags := -std=$(stdcpp) -w -g -O0 -m64 -fPIC -fopenmp -pthread
cu_compile_flags := -std=$(stdcpp) -w -g -O0 -m64 $(cuda_arch) -Xcompiler "$(cpp_compile_flags)"
link_flags := -pthread -fopenmp -Wl,-rpath='$$ORIGIN'cpp_compile_flags += $(include_paths)
cu_compile_flags += $(include_paths)
link_flags += $(library_paths) $(link_librarys) $(run_paths)# 如果头文件修改了,这里的指令可以让他自动编译依赖的cpp或者cu文件
ifneq ($(MAKECMDGOALS), clean)
-include $(cpp_mk) $(cu_mk)
endif$(name) : $(workdir)/$(name)all : $(name)
run : $(name)@cd $(workdir) && ./$(name) $(run_args)$(workdir)/$(name) : $(cpp_objs) $(cu_objs)@echo Link $@@mkdir -p $(dir $@)@$(cc) $^ -o $@ $(link_flags)$(objdir)/%.cpp.o : $(srcdir)/%.cpp@echo Compile CXX $<@mkdir -p $(dir $@)@$(cc) -c $< -o $@ $(cpp_compile_flags)$(objdir)/%.cu.o : $(srcdir)/%.cu@echo Compile CUDA $<@mkdir -p $(dir $@)@$(nvcc) -c $< -o $@ $(cu_compile_flags)# 编译cpp依赖项,生成mk文件
$(objdir)/%.cpp.mk : $(srcdir)/%.cpp@echo Compile depends C++ $<@mkdir -p $(dir $@)@$(cc) -M $< -MF $@ -MT $(@:.cpp.mk=.cpp.o) $(cpp_compile_flags)# 编译cu文件的依赖项,生成cumk文件
$(objdir)/%.cu.mk : $(srcdir)/%.cu@echo Compile depends CUDA $<@mkdir -p $(dir $@)@$(nvcc) -M $< -MF $@ -MT $(@:.cu.mk=.cu.o) $(cu_compile_flags)# 定义清理指令
clean :@rm -rf $(objdir) $(workdir)/$(name) $(workdir)/*.trtmodel $(workdir)/*.onnx @rm -rf $(workdir)/image-draw.jpg $(workdir)/input-image.jpg $(workdir)/pytorch.jpg# 防止符号被当做文件
.PHONY : clean run $(name)# 导出依赖库路径,使得能够运行起来
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH:=$(library_path_export)
2.3 案例说明
未完待续
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