Java Channel简介与使用方法

Channel在Java中是一种可以直接与ByteBuffer交互的媒介,它提供了一种基于块的I/O操作模式,有助于提高大数据量的读写效率。

一、Java Channel概述

Channel是Java中的一个接口,它继承了Closeable和InterruptibleChannel两个接口。它允许从缓冲区直接读取和写入数据。FileChannel、DatagramChannel、Channel的具体实现是SocketChannel和ServerSocketChannel。

import java.nio.channels.Channel;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args){
        Channel channel;
        ByteBuffer buffer;
    }
}

二、Channel的使用

让我们以FileChannel为例,展示如何使用Channel。FileChannel用于读取、写入、映射和操作文件。首先,我们使用FileInputStream。、FileOutputStream或RandomAccessFile获得FileChannel。然后,我们可以通过调用read()和write()来读取和写入数据。

import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.FileChannel;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        FileInputStream fin = new FileInputStream("test.txt");
        FileChannel fc = fin.getChannel();
        ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);

        int bytesRead = fc.read(buffer); // 读取数据
        while (bytesRead != -1) {
            buffer.flip();
            while (buffer.hasRemaining()) {
                System.out.print((char) buffer.get());
            }

            buffer.clear();
            bytesRead = fc.read(buffer);
        }
        fin.close();

        String str = "Hello, World!";
        FileOutputStream fout = new FileOutputStream("test.txt");
        FileChannel fcout = fout.getChannel();
        ByteBuffer buffer1 = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
        buffer1.clear();
        buffer1.put(str.getBytes());

        buffer1.flip();
        while (buffer1.hasRemaining()) { 
            fcout.write(buffer1); // 写入数据
        }
        
        fout.close();
    }
}

三、Channel的特性

Channel除了基本的读写操作外,还支持transferTo()和transferFrom()等传输操作,可以直接将数据从一个Channel(例如FileChannel)传输到另一个Channel。这通常比先读后写更有效。

import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.nio.channels.FileChannel;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        FileInputStream fin = new FileInputStream("src.txt");
        FileOutputStream fout = new FileOutputStream("dest.txt");
        FileChannel finChannel = fin.getChannel();
        FileChannel foutChannel = fout.getChannel();

        long transferred = finChannel.transferTo(0, finChannel.size(), foutChannel);
        System.out.println("Bytes transferred = " + transferred);

        fin.close();
        fout.close();
    }
}

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