MySQL高级sql语句操作二

MySQL高级sql语句操作二

  • 一、EXISTS
  • 二、连接查询
  • 三、自我连接(算排名)
  • 四、CREATE VIEW(视图)
  • 五、UNION(联集)
  • 六、交集值
  • 七、无交集值
  • 八、CASE
  • 九、空值(NULL) 和 无值('') 的区别
  • 十、正则表达式

一、EXISTS

用来测试内查询有没有产生任何结果,类似布尔值是否为真。如果有的话,系统就会执行外查询的SQL语句。若是没有的话,那整个SQL语句就不会产生任何结果。

语法:SELECT "字段1" FROM "表格1" WHERE EXISTS (SELECT * FROM "表格2" WHERE "条件");
SELECT SUM(Sales) FROM Store_Info WHERE EXISTS (SELECT * FROM location WHERE Region = 'West');


二、连接查询

location 表格
+----------+--------------+
| Region   | Store_Name   |
|----------+--------------|
| East     | Boston       |
| East     | New York     |
| West     | Los Angeles  |
| West     | Houston      |
+----------+--------------+UPDATE Store_Info SET store_name='Washington' WHERE sales=300;
Store_Info 表格+--------------+---------+------------+
| Store_Name   |   Sales | Date       |
|--------------+---------+------------|
| Los Angeles  |    1500 | 2020-12-05 |
| Houston      |     250 | 2020-12-07 |
| Washington   |     300 | 2020-12-08 |
| Boston       |     700 | 2020-12-08 |
+--------------+---------+------------+

  • inner join(内连接):只返回两个表中联结字段相等的行
  • left join(左连接):返回包括左表中的所有记录和右表中联结字段相等的记录
  • right join(右连接):返回包括右表中的所有记录和左表中联结字段相等的记录

SELECT * FROM location A RIGHT JOIN Store_Info B on A.Store_Name = B.Store_Name ;SELECT * FROM location A LEFT JOIN Store_Info B on A.Store_Name = B.Store_Name ;内连接一:
SELECT * FROM location A INNER JOIN Store_Info B on A.Store_Name = B.Store_Name ;内连接二:
SELECT * FROM location A, Store_Info B WHERE A.Store_Name = B.Store_Name;SELECT A.Region REGION, SUM(B.Sales) SALES FROM location A, Store_Info B 
WHERE A.Store_Name = B.Store_Name GROUP BY REGION;



三、自我连接(算排名)

+----------+-------+
| name     | score |
+----------+-------+
| lisi     |   100 |
| zhaoliu  |    90 |
| wangwu   |    80 |
| zhangsan |    70 |
+----------+-------+

分组汇总后统计 score 字段的值是比自己本身的值小的以及 score 字段 和 name 字段都相同的数量

SELECT A.name, A.score, count(B.score) rank FROM class A, class B
WHERE A.score < B.score OR (A.score = B.score AND A.Name = B.Name)  
GROUP BY A.name, A.score ORDER BY rank;


四、CREATE VIEW(视图)

  • 视图,可以被当作是虚拟表或存储查询。
  • 视图跟表格的不同是,表格中有实际储存数据记录,而视图是建立在表格之上的一个架构,它本身并不实际储存数据记录。
  • 临时表在用户退出或同数据库的连接断开后就自动消失了,而视图不会消失。
  • 视图不含有数据,只存储它的定义,它的用途一般可以简化复杂的查询。比如你要对几个表进行连接查询,而且还要进行统计排序等操作,写SQL语句会很麻烦的,用视图将几个表联结起来,然后对这个视图进行查询操作,就和对一个表查询一样,很方便。
语法:CREATE VIEW "视图表名" AS "SELECT 语句";
CREATE VIEW V_REGION_SALES AS SELECT A.Region REGION,SUM(B.Sales) SALES FROM location A 
INNER JOIN Store_Info B ON A.Store_Name = B.Store_Name GROUP BY REGION;SELECT * FROM V_REGION_SALES;
DROP VIEW V_REGION_SALES;




五、UNION(联集)

联集,将两个SQL语句的结果合并起来,两个SQL语句所产生的字段需要是同样的数据记录种类

UNION :生成结果的数据记录值将没有重复,且按照字段的顺序进行排序
语法:[SELECT 语句 1] UNION [SELECT 语句 2];UNION ALL :将生成结果的数据记录值都列出来,无论有无重复
语法:[SELECT 语句 1] UNION ALL [SELECT 语句 2];SELECT Store_Name FROM location UNION SELECT Store_Name FROM Store_Info;SELECT Store_Name FROM location UNION ALL SELECT Store_Name FROM Store_Info;


六、交集值

取两个SQL语句结果的交集

SELECT A.Store_Name FROM location A INNER JOIN Store_Info B ON A.Store_Name = B.Store_Name;SELECT A.Store_Name FROM location A INNER JOIN Store_Info B USING(Store_Name);#取两个SQL语句结果的交集,且没有重复
SELECT DISTINCT A.Store_Name FROM location A INNER JOIN Store_Info B USING(Store_Name);SELECT DISTINCT Store_Name FROM location WHERE (Store_Name) IN (SELECT Store_Name FROM Store_Info);SELECT DISTINCT A.Store_Name FROM location A LEFT JOIN Store_Info B USING(Store_Name) WHERE B.Store_Name IS NOT NULL;SELECT A.Store_Name FROM (SELECT B.Store_Name FROM location B INNER JOIN Store_Info C ON B.Store_Name = C.Store_Name) A 
GROUP BY A.Store_Name;SELECT A.Store_Name FROM 
(SELECT DISTINCT Store_Name FROM location UNION ALL SELECT DISTINCT Store_Name FROM Store_Info) A 
GROUP BY A.Store_Name HAVING COUNT(*) > 1;


七、无交集值

显示第一个SQL语句的结果,且与第二个SQL语句没有交集的结果,且没有重复

SELECT DISTINCT Store_Name FROM location WHERE (Store_Name) NOT IN (SELECT Store_Name FROM Store_Info);SELECT DISTINCT A.Store_Name FROM location A LEFT JOIN Store_Info B USING(Store_Name) WHERE B.Store_Name IS NULL;SELECT A.Store_Name FROM 
(SELECT DISTINCT Store_Name FROM location UNION ALL SELECT DISTINCT Store_Name FROM Store_Info) A 
GROUP BY A.Store_Name HAVING COUNT(*) = 1;


八、CASE

是 SQL 用来做为 IF-THEN-ELSE 之类逻辑的关键字

语法:
SELECT CASE ("字段名")WHEN "条件1" THEN "结果1"WHEN "条件2" THEN "结果2"...[ELSE "结果N"]END
FROM "表名";# "条件" 可以是一个数值或是公式。 ELSE 子句则并不是必须的。SELECT Store_Name, CASE Store_Name WHEN 'Los Angeles' THEN Sales * 2 WHEN 'Boston' THEN 2000ELSE Sales END 
"New Sales",Date 
FROM Store_Info;#"New Sales" 是用于 CASE 那个字段的字段名。

九、空值(NULL) 和 无值(‘’) 的区别

  1. 无值的长度为 0,不占用空间的;而 NULL 值的长度是 NULL,是占用空间的。
  2. IS NULL 或者 IS NOT NULL,是用来判断字段是不是为 NULL 或者不是 NULL,不能查出是不是无值的。
  3. 无值的判断使用='‘或者<>’'来处理。<> 代表不等于。
  4. 在通过 count()指定字段统计有多少行数时,如果遇到 NULL 值会自动忽略掉,遇到无值会加入到记录中进行计算。
City 表格
+----------+
| name     |
|----------|
| beijing  |
| nanjing  |
| shanghai |
| <null>   |
| <null>   |
| shanghai |
|          |
+----------+
SELECT length(NULL), length(''), length('1');
SELECT * FROM City WHERE name IS NULL;
SELECT * FROM City WHERE name IS NOT NULL;
SELECT * FROM City WHERE name = '';
SELECT * FROM City WHERE name <> '';
SELECT COUNT(*) FROM City;
SELECT COUNT(name) FROM City;

十、正则表达式

匹配模式		描述									实例
^ 				匹配文本的开始字符 						‘^bd’ 匹配以 bd 开头的字符串
$ 				匹配文本的结束字符 						‘qn$’ 匹配以 qn 结尾的字符串
. 				匹配任何单个字符						‘s.t’ 匹配任何 s 和 t 之间有一个字符的字符串
* 				匹配零个或多个在它前面的字符 			‘fo*t’ 匹配 t 前面有任意个 o
+ 				匹配前面的字符 1 次或多次				‘hom+’ 匹配以 ho 开头,后面至少一个m 的字符串
字符串 			匹配包含指定的字符串 					‘clo’ 匹配含有 clo 的字符串
p1|p2 			匹配 p1 或 p2 							‘bg|fg’ 匹配 bg 或者 fg
[...] 			匹配字符集合中的任意一个字符 			‘[abc]’ 匹配 a 或者 b 或者 c
[^...] 			匹配不在括号中的任何字符 				‘[^ab]’ 匹配不包含 a 或者 b 的字符串
{n} 			匹配前面的字符串 n 次 					‘g{2}’ 匹配含有 2 个 g 的字符串
{n,m}			匹配前面的字符串至少 n 次,至多m 次		‘f{1,3}’ 匹配 f 最少 1 次,最多 3 次

语法:SELECT "字段" FROM "表名" WHERE "字段" REGEXP {模式};
SELECT * FROM Store_Info WHERE Store_Name REGEXP 'os';
SELECT * FROM Store_Info WHERE Store_Name REGEXP '^[A-G]';
SELECT * FROM Store_Info WHERE Store_Name REGEXP 'Ho|Bo';

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